Antimicrobial activity of garlic,tea tree oil,and chlorhexidine against oral microorganisms

OBJECTIVE: To compare the antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil, garlic, and chlorhexidine solutions against oral microorganisms. METHOD: The five-week study consisted of thirty subjects. The first week was considered baseline. All subjects used a control solution (second week), and were randomly divided into the three groups (third week): G1-0.12% chlorhexidine; G2 - 2.5% garlic (Allium sativum, L.); and G3 - 0.2% tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia). Dishes containing blood agar and Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar (MSB) were inoculated with the subjects' saliva (collected twice a week). Total microorganisms and mutans streptococci were counted in blood agar and MSB, respectively. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine and garlic groups showed antimicrobial activity against mutans streptococci, but not against other oral microorganisms. The tea tree oil group showed antimicrobial activity against mutans streptococci and other oral microorganisms. Maintenance of reduced levels of microorganisms was observed only for garlic and tea tree oil during the two consecutive weeks (fourth and fifth). Unpleasant taste (chlorhexidine 40%, tea tree oil 30%, garlic 100%), burning sensation (chlorhexidine 40%, tea tree oil 60%, garlic 100%), bad breath (chlorhexidine 40%, tea tree oil 20%, garlic 90%), and nausea (chlorhexidine 0%, tea tree oil 10%, garlic 30%) were reported. CONCLUSION: Garlic and tea tree oil might be an alternative to chlorhexidine.     

氦-氖激光和深海鱼油联合治疗复发性口腔溃疡的疗效评价

目的 观察氦-氖激光和深海鱼油联合治疗复发性口腔溃疡(RAU)的临床效果。方法 将159名复发性口腔溃疡病人随机分成3组。联合治疗组(以下称联合组):用氦-氖激光局部照射和口服深海鱼油联合治疗;对照1:仅用氦-氖激光局部照射溃疡;对照2:每日早晚各口服深海鱼油1000mg。结果(1)有效率:联合组:88.68％,对照组1:73.59％,对照组2:66.04%。联合组与对照组1或对照组2均有显著的差异(x_1~2=3.95,P<0.05,x~_2=7.76,P<0.05)。(2)平均溃疡期:联合组(4.15±1.36)d,对照组1(4.55±1.41)d,对照组2(6.36±1.44)d,联合组与对照组1或对照组2均有显著的差异(t_1=2.19,P<0.05;t_2=2.35,P<0.05)。(3)疼痛指数:联合组(2.85±1.32),对照组1(3.45±1.49),对照组2(5.66±1.69),联合组与对照组1或对照组2均有显著的差异(t_1=3.07,P<0.01;t_2=2.98,P<0.01)。结论氦-氖激光和深海鱼油联合治疗复发性口腔溃疡取得了较满意的临床效果。     

The effect of German chamomile (Marticaria recutita L.) extract and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) oil used as irrigants on removal of smear layer: a scanning electron microscopy study

AIM: To compare the cleaning effectiveness of chamomile hydroalcoholic extract and tea tree oil to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution as an intracanal irrigant for the removal of the smear layer. METHODOLOGY: Forty extracted, single-rooted, mature, permanent, human teeth were allocated at random into one of three experimental groups of ten teeth and two control groups of five teeth. For each tooth, the pulp chamber was accessed and the canal prepared using K-type files and Gates-Glidden burs, using a step-back technique; the apical stop was prepared to a size 30. Each canal was subsequently irrigated with one of the following solutions: distilled water (as a negative control), 2.5% NaOCl + 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (as a positive control), chamomile or tea tree oil or 2.5% NaOCl. Each tooth was split longitudinally and prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantity of smear layer remaining on the three levels of each canal (coronal, middle and apical) was examined using magnifications of 2000 and 5000x. The data were analysed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. RESULTS: The most effective removal of smear layer occurred with the use of NaOCl with a final rinse of 17% EDTA (negative control) followed by the use of a chamomile extract. Chamomile extract was found to be significantly more effective than distilled water and tea tree oil (P < 0.008).The use of a 2.5% NaOCl solution alone, without EDTA and that of tea tree oil, was found to have only minor effects. There was no statistical difference between distilled water, 2.5% NaOCl and tea tree oil. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of chamomile to remove smear layer was superior to NaOCl alone but less than NaOCl combined with EDTA.     

Subcutaneous tissue reaction to castor oil bean and calcium hydroxide in rats

Castor oil bean cement (COB) is a new material that has been used as an endodontic sealer, and is a candidate material for direct pulp capping.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new formulation of COB compared to calcium hydroxide cement (CH) and a control group without any material, in the subcutaneous tissue of rats.

Material and methods

The materials were prepared, packed into polyethylene tubes, and implanted in the rat dorsal subcutaneous tissue. Animals were sacrificed at the 7th and 50th days after implantation. A quantitative analysis of inflammatory cells was performed and data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey''s tests at 5% significance level.

Results

Comparing the mean number of inflammatory cells between the two experimental groups (COB and CH) and the control group, statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) was observed at 7 and 50 days. There were no significant differences (p=0.111) between tissue reaction to CH (382 inflammatory cells) and COB (330 inflammatory cells) after 7 days. After 50 days, significantly more inflammatory cells (p=0.02) were observed in the CH group (404 inflammatory cells) than in the COB group (177 inflammatory cells).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that the COB cement induces less inflammatory response within long periods.     

硅油眼术后混合性眼内炎一例

眼内炎在玻璃体切除术后的发生率极低,在硅油眼中更为罕见。硅油对微生物的细胞膜有毒性作用,并可以导致其缺乏营养,被认为可抑制细菌和真菌的生长。硅油眼术后混合性眼内炎,特别是革兰阴性菌的感染报道较少。通过回顾1例由病原菌检测诊断证实的硅油眼中混合感染摩氏摩根菌和表皮葡萄球菌眼内炎患者的临床表现和诊疗经过,提高对混合性感染的认识和诊断水平。     

地榆膏油纱治疗烧烫伤114例

目的:探讨地榆膏油纱治疗烧烫伤的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年1—8月在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院造口科接受治疗的114例烧烫伤患者作为研究对象,予以地榆膏油纱外敷,观察患者治疗效果。结果:经过治疗后,114例烧烫伤患者中,1个疗程(3次治疗)治愈患者84例,显效患者22例,无效患者8例,有效率为92.98%。结论:地榆膏油纱治疗烧烫伤疗效显著。     

25G玻璃体切割术后空气与硅油填充治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效比较

目的:比较25G玻璃体切割术(PPV)联合空气或硅油填充治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的疗效。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。收集2018-01/12经我院确诊的RRD患者146例146眼,根据25G PPV术后眼内填充物分为空气组(60例60眼)和硅油组(86例86眼)。术后随访6~12mo,分析两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、视网膜解剖复位率及并发症情况。结果:术后1mo,空气组患者BCVA为0.45±0.5,硅油组为0.78±0.65,两组患者BCVA均较术前明显改善,且空气组患者BCVA明显优于硅油组(均P<0.05)。术后3mo,空气组患者视网膜解剖复位率(93.3%)低于硅油组(97.7%),但无差异;术后6mo,两组患者视网膜解剖复位率均为100.0%。本研究纳入患者术中主要并发症是医源性裂孔(6.8%),术后主要并发症是高眼压,术后早期(7d内)硅油眼高眼压比例明显高于空气组(P<0.001),但随访期间两组患者均未出现感染性眼内炎、脉络膜出血等严重并发症。结论:对于简单新鲜的RRD患者,25G PPV术后空气和硅油填充视网膜解剖复位率无差别,术后早期空气填充眼视力优于硅油填充眼,术后高眼压发生率更低。     

锌氧油外涂辅以红外线照射治疗肛周顽固性湿疹疗效观察

将本组湿疹病人分成锌氧油外涂辅以红外线照射治疗组（３２例）和外涂皮炎平对照组（３０例）。结果治疗组治愈２８例，明显高于对照组（１３例）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；治疗组有效率１００％，亦优于对照组（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０２５）。治疗组平均治愈天数４．４天，对照组６．２天。